What is Portland Cement primarily made from?

Portland Cement is primarily made from a combination of clay and limestone. The production process involves heating these raw materials in a kiln, where they undergo a chemical transformation. The heat causes the limestone to decompose and react with the silica (from clay) to form clinker, which is then ground together with gypsum to produce Portland Cement. This type of cement serves as a fundamental ingredient in concrete, providing strength and durability to construction projects.

The other materials listed are not used in the production of Portland Cement. Sand and gravel are typically used as aggregates in concrete, while coal and ash can be byproducts of energy production and are sometimes employed in certain concrete mixes but are not components of Portland Cement itself. Plastic and resin are unrelated materials used for different construction and manufacturing purposes, but they do not play a role in the composition of Portland Cement.