What is condensation in terms of environmental science?

Condensation refers specifically to the process where water vapor transitions into a liquid phase. This happens when air containing water vapor cools to a point where it can no longer hold all of its moisture, leading to the formation of liquid water droplets. This is a fundamental concept in environmental science, particularly in understanding meteorological phenomena, as it plays a critical role in cloud formation and precipitation.

Understanding condensation is vital because it directly influences weather patterns and the water cycle. For example, when warm air rises and cools, it can lead to condensation, resulting in cloud formation and potential rainfall. This process is essential for maintaining ecological systems and regulating climate, as it redistributes water across the environment.

The other provided options involve different phases or processes of water but do not accurately describe condensation. The solid form of water vapor refers to ice, evaporation indicates the transition from liquid to gas, and rainfall is the result of condensation, not the process itself.