What does conductivity refer to in terms of materials?

In the context of materials, conductivity specifically refers to the ability of a material to conduct electricity. This means that when an electrical current is applied, the material allows the flow of electricity through it.

The rate of heat transfer through a material is indeed related to thermal conductivity, but that is a distinct property known as thermal conductivity, which reflects how well a material can transfer heat. Therefore, while it might seem like a plausible choice based on the terminology, it does not align with the broader definition of conductivity in its primary sense, which focuses on the conduction of electricity.

Additionally, resistance to heat is a separate attribute pertaining to how well a material resists the flow of heat, often tied to insulation properties rather than conductivity itself. The material's overall strength is also unrelated to conductivity, as it refers to a material's ability to withstand forces without breaking. Understanding these definitions clarifies why the definition related to electrical conduction is the correct aspect to focus on in this context.